Managing Your Menopause Type^® Educational Class

Session Three - Your Risks of Disease

INSULIN RESISTANCE & DIABETES

How abnormal blood sugar metabolism is managed with nutrition.

There is increasing evidence that insulin resistance, and some forms of diabetes, may be managed through proper diet and nutrition. In addition, specific herbs have been identified as useful in managing insulin resistance and dysglycemia.

Macronutrient, such as proteins, starch and fibers, each has a different ability to maintain healthy blood sugar. Some proteins are better than others. Some starches are better for preserving healthy glucose than are other starches. Likewise, some fibers are better than other fibers.

While a well balanced diet, providing a wide range of micronutrients is important, there are some micronutrients that are specifically useful in maintaining healthy blood sugar.

We will now present the macronutrients and micronutrients that are most beneficial in maintaining proper blood glucose levels.

MACRONUTRIENTS:

Soy protein

Eating soy is associated with decreased risk of Type 2 Diabetes ^[1]

High-amylose starch

Starch high in amylase is less likely to induce insulin resistance ^[2,3]

Soluble fibers

A high fiber diet can result in lower glucose levels, and have a beneficial effect on the control of non insulin dependent diabetes. ^[4]

MICRONUTRIENTS:

EPA-DHA

Have a beneficial effect on insulin levels, decreasing insulin resistance. ^[5]

Vanadium

Activates insulin receptors, improve insulin sensitivity and enhance glucose metabolism. ^[6]

Chromium

The effectiveness of insulin is greater in the presence of chromium ^[7]. A chromium supplement is beneficial for people with varying degrees of glucose intolerance ranging from mild glucose intolerance to overt Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.^[8]

CLA

CLA is able to normalize impaired glucose tolerance and improve hyperinsulinemia. Its CLA effects on glucose tolerance and glucose homeostasis indicate that dietary CLA may prove to be an important therapy for the prevention and treatment of NIDDM. ^[9]

Alpha-Lipoic acid

Alpha Lipoic acid enhances glucose utilization and can improve insulin sensitivity in patients with type-2 diabetes^{.[10, 11]}

Biotin

Biotin treatment can improve tolerance to glucose and insulin resistance. ^{[12, 13]}

Magnesium

Daily magnesium supplements and correction of magnesium deficiency can result in an improvement of insulin response and glucose handling and may be useful in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes. ^{[14, 15]}

Vitamin E

Vitamin E supplementation for four months produced a significant improvement in glucose utilization and the response to insulin in normal and diabetic subjects. ^[16]

What's Next?

Choices To Decrease The Risk Of Insulin Resistance & Diabetes

The Managing Your Menopause Type® Educational Class is provided to the public without charge. This information is provide for education purposes only, and is not intended to prescribe treatment. Consult a physician, pharmacist or other healthcare professional regarding the applicability of any opinions or recommendations with respect to your symptoms or medical condition.

References:

[1] Diabetes care. 1997;20(4):645-649

[2] Kabir M, Rizkalla SW, Champ M, Luo J, Boillot J, Bruzzo F, Slama G. Dietary amylose-amylopectin starch content affects glucose and lipid metabolism in adipocytes of normal and diabetic rats. J Nutr. 1998 Jan;128(1):35-43.

[3] Lukaczer D., Nutritional support for insulin resistance. ANSR, 2001.

[4] AM J Clin Nutr 1988;47(5):852-8

[5] Lukaczer D., Nutritional support for insulin resistance. ANSR, 2001.

[6] Groff JL, et al. Advanced Nutrition and Human Metabolism. New York: West Publishing Co.; 1995

[7] Groff JL, et al. Advanced Nutrition and Human Metabolism. New York:West Publishing Co.; 1995

[8] Am Coll Nutr 1998;17(6):548-55

[9] Houseknecht KL, Vanden Heuvel JP, Moya-Camarena SY, Portocarrero CP, Peck LW, Nickel KP, Belury MA. Dietary conjugated linoleic acid normalizes impaired glucose tolerance in the Zucker diabetic fatty fa/fa rat. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1998 Mar 27;244(3):678-82.

[10] Jacob S, Henriksen EJ, Schiemann AL, Simon I, Clancy DE, Tritschler HJ, Jung WI, Augustin HJ, Dietze GJ. Enhancement of glucose disposal in patients with type 2 diabetes by alpha-lipoic acid. Arzneimittelforschung. 1995 Aug;45(8):872-4.

[11] Jacob S, Ruus P, Hermann R, Tritschler HJ, Maerker E, Renn W, Augustin HJ, Dietze GJ, Rett K. Oral administration of RAC-alpha-lipoic acid modulates insulin sensitivity in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus: a placebo-controlled pilot trial. Free Radic Biol Med. 1999 Aug;27(3-4):309-14

[12] Reddi A, DeAngelis B, Frank O, Lasker N, Baker H. Biotin supplementation improves glucose and insulin tolerances in genetically diabetic KK mice. Life Sci. 1988;42(13):1323-30.

[13] Koutsikos D, Fourtounas C, Kapetanaki A, Agroyannis B, Tzanatos H, Rammos G, Kopelias I, Bosiolis B, Bovoleti O, Darema M, Sallum G. Oral glucose tolerance test after high-dose i.v. biotin administration in normoglucemic hemodialysis patients. Ren Fail. 1996 Jan;18(1):131-7

[14] Paolisso G, Sgambato S, Gambardella A, Pizza G, Tesauro P, Varricchio M, D'Onofrio F. Daily magnesium supplements improve glucose handling in elderly subjects. Am J Clin Nutr. 1992 Jun;55(6):1161-7.

[15] Paolisso G, Passariello N, Pizza G, Marrazzo G, Giunta R, Sgambato S, Varricchio M, D'Onofrio F. Dietary magnesium supplements improve B-cell response to glucose and arginine in elderly non-insulin dependent diabetic subjects. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh). 1989 Jul;121(1):16-20.

[16] Paolisso G, D'Amore A, Giugliano D, Ceriello A, Varricchio M, D'Onofrio F. Pharmacologic doses of vitamin E improve insulin action in healthy subjects and non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients. Am J Clin Nutr. 1993 May;57(5):650-6.

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